Dubo ko maala | Wedding Garland in Nepal - (हरियो दुबो घास को माला)

A traditional decorative ever-green Dubo grass garland | Most Necessary for Wedding Ceremony (हरियो दुबो घास को माला) 

A garland is a decorative wreath of flowers, leaves, or other material. Garlands can be worn on the head or around the neck, hung on an inanimate object, or laid in a place of cultural or religious importance.

If you are a new visitor to Nepal, you may have come across elegantly hand-woven and decorated green grass garlands (dubo ko maalaa) either in the many tourist areas and alleys of old Kathmandu, wrapped around the temple deities, or simply hanging in the flower shops for sale. In today's blog posting, I am happy to share one of most uniquely Nepali “traditional dubo grass garland” made from ever-green sacred grass. When researching for the scientific name of the dubo grass for this post, I found the grass is called Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, also most commonly known as Bermuda grass. Nepalese call it dubo ko ghaas(panjaa, seto duvo, narkabam). In Sanskrit, it is called (dhurva, durmara, durva). It is an evergreen perennial creeping grass common in warmer regions in Nepal. Many people believe that the grass has medicinal value. The grass can be easily planted from grass seed, sod or grass plugs. 

Some useful information about dubo grass can be found here.

To read about Nepal marriage ceremony and grass necklace, click here.

Dubo grass has a deep religious significance and special meaning in Nepali culture. They are used during many festivals occasions, social and religious ceremonies. No Nepali Swayamber ceremony, स्वयम्बर  (part of Nepali marriage) is complete without the most auspicious grass garland. The bride and groom exchange the garland to each others during the religious ceremony. According to the spiritual belief, the purifying quality of the grass offers everlasting love and relationship. The grass does not dry and wilt so easily after it is pulled from the ground, so the evergreen dubo grass blesses newlyweds with fertility, prosperity in every step of their newly married life. 

The garland is used in many important ceremonies including:

• Janmostav (जन्मोस्तव) - birthdays
• Tihar-Bhai-Tika (तिहार-भाई टिका) - brother's sister's Days
• Bratabandha ceremony (ब्रतबन्ध- उपनयन) - sacred thread ceremony, young boys journey into manhood
• Pasne ceremony (पास्ने) - child's rice feeding ceremony
• Ghatasthapana (घटस्थापना) - the 1st day of 10-day religious festival of Bijaya Dashami 
• Naag Panchami (नाग पंचमी) the day of serpent god
• Dubo garland is offered to deity (भगवान लाइ चडाउने) - as a mark of devotion during many auspicious celebration
• It is also presented to honorary guests to welcome, honor and show the respect (अथिति सत्कार)

Garland makers are often busy making the maalaa for special orders. They have mastered weaving the grass into a beautiful work of art. Apart from using as a garland, just plain small bundles of dubo are offered to deities during Pooja ceremony.  

The sacred grass itself is considered auspicious and is used in many religious rituals. During Tihar-Bhai-Tika ceremony small bundles of grass are dipped in oil with holy water and applied in the floor for purification of the place before the ceremony starts.  Small bundles dubo grass are used as a brush to apply oil in brother's hair by sisters during the ceremony.

While walking through the narrow streets of Bhedasingh near Indrachowk area of Kathmandu, during Tihar-Bhai-Tikaa festival time, what really caught my attention was several ladies creating traditional dubo grass garland, weaving in such a beautiful way -- a true work of art. I asked the lady in the corner if she minded me photographing and observing her method of creating the garland.  She delightfully agreed to my proposal, but asked that I do not show her face in the pictures.  

  

Discover how easy it is to create the beautiful dubo garland from the delightful lady who sits in front of the temple daily. If you ever get hold of perennial creeping grass, dubo and want to re-create the most important grass garland of Nepal, here is her step-by-step tutorial pictures. If you ever create the garland, please take a picture and post in the comment section of my blog.

Image on the left - artfully woven, enhanced with shiny silver metallic yarn (zari) decorated with pink beads and sequences -  special ordered garland ready to be hand delivered or picked up by a customer.  The garland maker prepares garlands for many occasions, usually completes in 55 minutes or less, but they have several helpers during busy festival seasons when there is a big demand.

 A large amount of bulk dubo grass has arrived to the florist wrapped in a plastic bag from a nearby warm (Terai) region of Nepal.  The grass is kept in a cooler spot, away from direct sun light to avoid wilting and getting dried up.

..... she is selecting only the freshest, bright green dubo grass and getting rid of wilted, yellowing and brown spotted ones

...before making a garland, she divides the grass into small bundles and measures a strong heavy red colored thread to wrap around the bundles

...starting with one end of the thread, she collects small bundle of grass with one hand and loops the thread over, under and back of the stem side of the grass facing the same way. She ties the grass into secure knots.

... She continues adding more bundles until the dubo ko maalaa is complete.

...close up image of securely tying the thread

... finally dubo ko maalaa is ready

She is attaching a decorative metallic silver zari work boarder in the garland

Beautifully hand-crafted zari work design frames are for sale at a store near the hidden alleyways in Indra Chowk, Kathmandu (cokhache galli). It is specially made to give decorative touch to completed  dubo ko maalaa.

Another shiny decorative enhancer for grass garland

The lush green auspicious grass garland getting ready to be decorated.

Picture of a traditional green garland especially made for a Nepali wedding - some garland maker will custom make  dubo ko maalaa according to customer's specification.

…carefully rolling  the finished garland into bundles before dipping in a bowl of cold water.

…sometimes, the completed garlands are covered with moistened towel to keep it fresh.  It is then stored in a cool place until ready to use.  The above two images show that the garlands are stored plain without adding metallic decorative enhancer.

... another picture of grass garland - on the right with metallic silver zari trim and the left is waiting for a decorative touch.

Vendor is selling simple dubo grass and marigold flower garland, lotus flower buds and other flowers for religious offerings in front of  a temple in Kathmandu.

 Another tray of religious offerings to deities - decorated grass garland, whole coconut, dubo grass bunches, traditional sweets - have an important role in many Nepali religious rituals.

Nepali Swayamver ceremony - exchange of auspicious grass garland

Image of traditional Nepali wedding ceremony - the dubo ko Maalaa is placed around the groom's neck which symbolizes everlasting relationship forever.

The ritual of Swayamvar ceremony during Nepali marriage. Swayamver is a kind of engagement ceremony, where the bride and groom exchange a traditional grass garland, rings and take a blessing from the family.

Here is another picture of bride and groom exchanging the auspicious grass garland during marriage ceremony.

Dubo grass and marigold flowers for sale in Kathmandu markets during Thulo Ekadashi (Haribodhini Ekadashi)

The bundled holy grass are for sale in Nepali markets to offer to deities.  It is believed that the grass has a purifying powers according to Nepali spiritual belief.

The street vendor is selling small bundles of dubo grass during tihar-Bhai-tika festival time.  He told me the grass has great medicinal value and said to have a strong healing effects. he added, "if you walk on the grass barefoot early in the morning, when the grass is still covered with dew drops, it has a great healing power."

Dubo grass bundles are an important items used during the auspicious festival of Bhai-Tika. 

... Purifying power of ever green Dubo grass ... cultural heritage of Nepal

The above two images of group Bratabandha ceremony (journey into manhood) in front of a temple in Kathmandu - Several young boys are receiving sacred thread during the ceremony.

Nag Panchami celebration - Nepalese devote is sticking a picture of a snake god above the doorways of a house with a offering of dubo grass, rice and red vermillion powder on the occasion of Nag Panchami.  Photo courtesy.  

My friend's son's wedding ceremony - sorting the dubo grass and trying to make "Dubo ko Maalaa"

listening to the famous Nepali folk song, while creating the garland "फ़ैलियॊ माया दुबो सरी, कहिले घटेन (failiyo maayaa dubo saree, kahile ghatena" - translation - how love spreads like the dubo creeping grass, everlasting) - here is the link of the song through you tube. 

Here is the picture of groom and bride exchanging the dubo ko maalaa during Swayamvar ceremony.